急性心不全治療ガイドライン（2011年改訂版）
Guidelines for Treatment of Acute Heart Failure（ JCS 2011）
Guidelines for Treatment of Acute Heart Failure（ JCS 2011）
文献
1. Okura Y, Ramadan MM, Ohno Y, et al. Impending epidemic: future projection of heart failure in Japan to the year 2055. Circ J 2008; 72: 489-491.
2. Nieminen MS, Bohm M, Cowie MR, et al. Executive summary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: the Task Force on
Acute Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 384-416.
3. The criteria committee of the New York Heart Association. Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of diseases of the heart and great vessels. 9th edition,
Boston, Mass: Little, Brown & Co 1994: 253-256.
4. Killip T, Kimball JT. Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit: A two year experiment with 250 patients. Am J Cardiol 1967; 20: 457-464.
5. Forrester JS, Diamond G, Chatterjee K, et al. Medical therapy of acute myocardial infarction by application of hemodynamic subsets (second of two
parts). N Engl J Med 1976; 295: 1404-1413.
6. Nohria A, Tsang SW, Fang JC, et al. Clinical assessment identifies hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 1797-1804.
7. 厚生労働省．http://www.mhlw.go.jp/index.shtml
8. 佐藤直樹，吉田伸子，高山守正，他．東京都CCUネットワーク活動状況報告．ICUとCCU 2010；34：824-826.
9. Kawashiro N, Kasanuki H, Ogawa H, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure. Circ J 2008; 72:
2015-2520.
10. Sato N, Kajimoto K, Asai K, et al. Acute decompensated heart failure syndromes (ATTEND) registry. A prospective observational multicenter cohort
study: rationale, design, and preliminary data. Am Heart J 2010; 159: 949-955.
11. Hashiguchi S, Yokoshiki H, Kinugawa S, et al. Effects of atrial fibrillation on long-term outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure in Japan. A
report from the Japanese cardiac registry of heart failure in cardiology (JCARE-CARD). Circ J 2009; 73: 2084-2090.
12. Harjola V-P, Follath F, Nieminen MS, et al. Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of mortality at 3 months and 1 year in patients hospitalized for
acute heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2010; 12: 1239-1248.
13. Mckee PA, Castelli WP, McNamara PM, et al. The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study. N Engl J Med 1971; 285: 1441-
1446.
14. Jessup M, Brozena S. Heart failure. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2007-2018.
15. Felker GM, Pang PS, Adams KF, et al. International AHFS Working Group. Clinical trials of pharmacological therapies in acute heart failure syndromes:
lessons learned and directions forward. Circ Heart Fail 2010; 3:314-325.
16. Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G, De Luca L, et al. Congestion in acute heart failure syndromes: an essential target of evaluation and treatment. Am J Med
2006; 119(Suppl 1): S3- S10.
17. Allen LA, Hernandez AF, O’Connor CM, et al. End points for clinical trials in acute heart failure syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 2248-2258.
18. Peacock WF 4th, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL, et al. ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators; Adhere Study Group. Cardiology.
Impact
of early initiation of intravenous therapy for acute decompensated heart failure on outcomes in ADHERE. Cardiology 2007; 107: 44-51.
19. Task Force for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of European Society of Cardiology, Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A,
Filippatos G, et al.; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines, Vahanian A, Camm J, De Caterina R, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and
treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the
European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society
of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 2388-2442.
20. De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, et al.; SOAP Ⅱ Investigators. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med
2010; 362: 779-789.
21. Mebazaa A, Gheorghiade M, Piña IL, et al. Practical recommendations for prehospital and early in-hospital management of patients presenting with
acute heart failure syndromes. Crit Care Med 2008; 36 (Suppl 1): S129-139.
22. Tang WH, Mul lens W. Cardiorenal syndrome in decompensated heart failure. Heart 2010; 96: 255-260.
23. Nohria A, Lewis E, Stevenson LW. Medical management of advanced heart failure. JAMA 2002; 287: 628-640.
24. Lubien E, DeMaria A, Krishnaswamy P, et al. Utility of B-natriuretic peptide in detecting diastolic dysfunction, comparison with Doppler velocity
recordings. Circulation 2002; 105: 595-601.
25. Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of
Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology,
and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010; 23: 685-713.
26. Ronco C, Haapio M, House AA, et al. Cardiorenal syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 1527-1539.
27. Filippatos G, Zannad F. An introduction to acute heart failure syndromes: definition and classification. Heart Fail Rev 2007; 12: 87-90.
28. Cotter G, Metra M, Milo-Cotter O, et al. Fluid overload in acute heart failure-re-distribution and other mechanisms beyond fluid accumulation. Eur J Heart
Fail 2008; 10: 165- 169.
29. Tsuchihashi M, Tsutsui H, Kodama K, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognosis of hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure-a study in
Fukuoka, Japan. Jpn Circ J 2000; 64: 953-959.
30. Abraham WT, Adams KF, Fonarow GC, et al. In-hospital mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure requiring intravenous vasoactive
medications: an analysis from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 57-64.
31. Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF, Jr., et al. Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA 2002; 287: 1541-1547.
32. Cotter G, Metzkor E, Kaluski E, et al. Randomised trial of high-dose isosorbide dinitrate plus low-dose furosemide versus high-dose furosemide plus
low-dose isosorbide dinitrate in severe pulmonary oedema. Lancet 1998; 351: 389-393.
33. Suwa M, Seino Y, Nomachi Y, et al. Multicenter prospective investigation on efficacy and safety of carperitide for acute heart failure in the ‘real world’
of
therapy. Circ J 2005; 69: 283-290.
34. Saito Y, Nakao K, Nishimura K, et al. Clinical application of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in patients with congestive heart failure: beneficial effects on left
ventricular function. Circulation 1987; 76: 115-124.
35. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure. Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force
on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). Circulation 1995; 92: 2764-2784.
36. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a
report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update
the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and
the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2005; 112: e154-235.
37. Field JM, Hazinski MF, Sayre MR, et al. Part 1: executive summary: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010; 122: S640-656.
38. Travers B, O’Loughlin C, Murphy NF, et al. Fluid restriction in the management of decompensated heart failure: no impact on time to clinical stability. J
Card Fail 2007; 13: 128-132.
39. Bibbins-Domingo K, Chertow GM, Coxson PG, et al. Projected Effect of Dietary Salt Reductions on Future Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med 2010;
362: 590-599.
40. Swan JW, Anker SD, Walton C, et al. Insulin Resistance in Chronic Heart Failure: Relation to Severity and Etiology of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol
1997; 30: 527-532.
41. Anker SD, Ponikowski P, Varney S, et al. Wasting as independent risk factor for mortality in chronic heart failure. Lancet 1997; 349: 1050-1053.
42. Ono H, Fujimoto H, Kobayashi Y, et al. Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Central Sleep Apnea and Pulmonary Hypertension Worsened during Treatment with
Auto-CPAP, but Improved by Adaptive Servo-Ventilation. Inter Med 2010; 49: 415-421.
43. 牧田茂，佐藤真治，櫻田弘治，他．LVASを装着した難治性心不全患者のリハビリテーション―CABG後患者との運動耐容能の比較―．心臓リハビリテーション
2003；8：26-28.
44. KT Weber, GT Kinasewitz, JS Janicki and AP Fishman. Oxygen utilization and ventilation during exercise in patients with chronic cardiac failure.
Circulation 1982; 65: 1213-1223.
45. Takano H, Adachi H, Ohshima S, et al. Functional mitral regurgitation during exercise in patients with heart failure. Circ J 2006; 70: 1563-1567.
46. 循環器病の診断と治療に関するガイドライン．心血管疾患におけるリハビリテーションに関するガイドライン（2007年改訂版）．http://www.j-
circ.or.jp/guideline/pdf/JCS2007_ nohara_h.pdf
47. McAlister FA, Stewart S, Ferrua S, et al. Multidisciplinary strategies for the management of heart failure patients at high risk for admission: A
systematic review of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 810-819.
48. Davidson PM, Cockburn J, Newton PJ, et al. Can a heart failure-specific cardiac rehabilitation program decrease hospitalizations and improve outcomes
in high risk patients? Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2010; 17: 393-402.
49. Zelis R, Kinney EL, Flaim SF, et al. Morphine: Its use in pulmonary edema. Cardiovasc Rev Rep. 1981; 2: 257-267.
50. Hunt SA, Baker DW, Chin MH, et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to
Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure); International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; Heart
Failure Society of America. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: Executive Summary A
Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1995
uidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung
Transplantation; Endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation 2001; 104: 2996-3007.
51. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999;
341:
709-717.
52. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al.; Eplerenone Post-AcuteMyocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and SurvivalStudy Investigators. Eplerenone, a
selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1309-1321.
53. Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, et al.; EMPHASIS-HF Study Group. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J
Med 201; 364: 11-21.Epub 2010 Nov 14.
54. Ellison DH. Diuretic therapy and resistance in congestive heart failure. Cardiology 2001; 96: 132-143.
55. Dormans TP, van Meyel JJ, Gerlag PG, et al. Diuretic efficacy of high dose furosemide in severe heart failure: bolus injection versus continuous infusion.
J Am Coll Cardiol.1996; 28: 376-382
56. Murry MD, Deer MM, Ferguson JA, et al. Open-label randomized trial of torasemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am
J Med 2001; 111: 513-520.
57. Brown NJ. Eplerenone: cardiovascular protection. Circulation 2003; 107: 2512-2518.
58. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS, et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med 2004;
351: 543-551.
59. Udelson JE, Smith WB, Hendrix GH, et al. Acute hemodynamic effects of conivaptan, a dual V(1A) and V(2) vasopressin receptor antagonist, in
patients
with advanced heart failure. Circulation 2001; 104: 2417-2423.
60. Konstam MA, Gheorghiade M, Burnett JC Jr, et al. Effects of oral tolvaptan in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure: the EVEREST Outcome
Trial. JAMA 2007; 297: 1319-1331.
61. Gheorghiade M, Konstam MA, Burnett JC Jr, et al. Shortterm clinical effects of tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin antagonist, in patients hospitalized for
heart failure: the EVEREST Clinical Status Trials JAMA 2007; 297: 1332- 1343.
62. Tsutamoto T, Kinoshita M, Nakase I, et al. Absence of hemodynamic tolerance to nicorandil in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Am Heart J
1994; 127: 866-873.
63. Tsutamoto T, Kinoshita M, Hisanaga T, et al. Comparison of hemodynamic effects and plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate of nicorandil and
nitroglycerin in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 1162- 1165.
64. Tanaka K, Kato K, Takano T, et al. Acute effects of intravenous nicorandil on hemodynamics in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart
failure. J Cardiol 2010 [Epub ahead of print].
65. Ishii H, Ichimiya S, Kanashiro M, et al. Impact of a single intravenous administration of nicorandil before reperfusion in patients with ST-segment-
elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation 2005; 112: 1284-1288.
66. Hata N, Seino Y, Tsutamoto T, et al. Effects of carperitide on the long- term prognosis of pat ients wi th acute decompensated chronic heart failure: the
PROTECT Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study. Circ J 2008; 72: 1787-1793.
67. Hernandez AF, O’Connor CM, Starling RC, et al. Rationale and design of the Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated
Heart
Failure Trial (ASCENDHF). Am Heart J 2009; 157: 271-277.
68. Burger AJ, Horton DP, LeJemtel T, et al. Prospective randomized evaluation of cardiac ectopy with dobutamine or natrecor therapy. Effect of nesiritide
(B-type natriuretic peptide) and dobutamine on ventricular arrhythmias in the treatment of patients with acutely decompensated congestive
heart failure: the PRECEDENT study. Am Heart J 2002; 144: 1102-1108.
69. Wang DJ, Dowling TC, Meadows D, et al. Nesiritide does not improve renal function in patients with chronic heart failure and worsening serum
creatinine. Circulation 2004; 110: 1620-1625.
70. Sackner-Bernstein JD, Skopicki HA, Aaronson KD. Risk of worsening renal function with nesiritide in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure.
Circulation 2005; 111: 1487-1491.
71. Hamilton RJ, Carter WA, Gallagher EJ. Rapid improvement of acute pulmonary edema with sublingual captopril. Acta Emerg Med 1996; 3: 205-212.
72. Metra M, Nodari S, D’Aloia A, Muneretto C, et al. Betablocker therapy influenced the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart
failure: a randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol. J Am Coll
Cardiol 2002; 40: 1248-1258.
73. O’Connor CM, Gattis WA, Uretsky BF, et al. Continuous intravenous dobutamine is associated with an increased risk of death in patients with
advanced heart failure: insights from the Flolan International Randomized Survival Trial (FIRST). Am Heart J 1999; 138: 78-86.
74. Giamouzis G, Butler J, Starling RC, et al. Impact of dopamine infusion on renal function in hospitalized heart failure patients: Results of the Dopamine in
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (DAD-HF) trial. J Card Fail 2010; 16: 922-930.
75. 村上元孝，木村栄一，新谷博一，他．ポンプ不全に対するドブタミン，ドパミンの薬剤効果の比較―多施設共同研究の比較―．最新医学 1984；39：1657-1671.
76. Ribner HS, Plucinski DA, Hsieh AM, et al. Acute effects of digoxin on total systemic vascular resistance in congestive heart failure due to dilated
cardiomyopathy: a hemodynamichormonal study. Am J Cardiol 1985; 56: 896-904.
77. The Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 525-533.
78. Seino Y, Momomura S, Takano T, et al. Multicenter, double-blind study of intravenous milrinone for patients with acute heart failure in Japan. Japan
Intravenous Milrinone Investigators. Crit Care Med 1996; 24: 1490-1497.
79. Lowes BD, Tsvetkova T, Eichhorn EJ, et al. Milrinone versus dobutamine in heart failure subjects treated chronically with carvedilol. Int J Cardiol 2001;
81: 141-149.
80. Constanzo MR, Johannes RS, Pine M, et al. The safety of intravenous diuretics alone versus diuretics plus parenteral vasoactive therapies in
hospitalized patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. Am Heart J 2007; 154: 267-277.
81. Follath F, Cleland JG, Just H, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure
(the LIDO study): a randomized double-blind trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 196-202.
82. Moiseyev VS, Poder P, Andrejevs N, et al. Safety and efficacy of a novel calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, in patients with left ventricular failure due to
acute myocardial infarction: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (RUSSLAN). Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 1422-1432.
83. Mebazza A, Nieminen MS, Packer M, et al. Levosimendan vs dobutamine for patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the SURVIVE
Randomized Trial. JAMA 2007; 297: 1883-1891.
84. The CONSENSUS trial group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian
Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). New Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1429-1435.
85. The SOLVED Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure.
New Engl J Med 1991; 325: 293- 302.
86. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial
infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 669-677.
87. Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, et al. CHARM Investigators and Committees. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with
chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet. 2003; 362: 759- 766.
88. Suzuki S, Yoshimura M, Nakayama M, et al. Plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide as a prognostic marker after acute myocardial infarction: a
long-time follow-up analysis. Circulation 2004; 110: 1387-1391.
89. Kosuge M, Miyajima E, Kimura K, et al. Comparison of atrial natriuretic peptide versus nitroglycerin for reducing blood pressure in acute myocardial
infarction. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 781-784.
90. Kasama S, Toyama T, Kumakura H, et al. Effects of intravenous atrial natriuretic peptide on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in patients with
decompensated congestive heart failure. J Nuclear Med 2004; 45: 1108-1113.
91. Hayashi M, Tsutamoto T, Wada A, et al. Intravenous atrial natriuretic peptide prevents left ventricular remodeling in patients with first anterior acute
myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 1820-1826.
92. Kitakaze M, Asakura M, Kim J, et al. Human atrial natriuretic peptide and nicorandil as adjuncts to reperfusion treatment for acute myocardial infarction
(J- WIND). Lancet 2007; 370: 1483-1493.
93. HFSA Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline. J Card Fail 2010; 16: 475-539.
94. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et al. Influence of beta-blocker continuation or withdrawal on outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart
failure.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 190-199.
95. 小川聡編．抗不整脈ガイドライン―CD-ROM 版ガイドラインの解説とシシリアンガンピットの概念．抗不整脈ガイドライン委員会編，20項．ライフメディコム，東京
2000.
96. The CAST investigators. Preliminary report; Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after
myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 406-412.
97. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial II Investigators. Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction. N Engl J
Med 1992; 327: 227- 233.
98. Deedwania PC, et al. Spontaneous conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm by amiodarone in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation:
observations from the veteran’s affairs congestive heart failure survival trial of antiarrhythmic therapy (CHF-STAT). Circulation 1998; 98: 2574-2579.
99. Dorian P, et al. Amiodarone as compared with lidocaine for shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 884-890.
100. Doval HC, Nul DR, Grancelli HO, et al. Randomised trial of low-dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure. Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida
en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina (GESICA). Lancet 1994; 344: 493-498.